CentOS中YUM的用法

中YUM的用法:

常用命令:

1.命令:yum check-update -- 列出所有可更新的软件清单
2.命令:yum update  -- 安装所有更新软件
3.命令:yum install <package_name>  -- 仅安装指定的软件
4.命令:yum update <package_name>  -- 仅更新指定的软件
5.命令:yum list  -- 列出所有可安裝的软件清单

安装删除软件
装了系统添加删除软件是常事,yum同样可以胜任这一任务,只要软件是rpm安装的。
安装的命令是,yum install xxx,yum会查询数据库,有无这一软件包,如果有,则检查其依赖冲突关系,如果没有依赖冲突,那么最好,下载安装;如果有,则会给出提示,询问是否要同时安装依赖,或删除冲突的包,你可以自己作出判断。
删除的命令是,yum remove xxx,同安装一样,yum也会查询数据库,给出解决依赖关系的提示。

1.命令:yum install <package_name>  -- 用YUM安装软件包
2.命令:yum remove <package_name>  -- 用YUM删除软件包

查询软件信息
我们常会碰到这样的情况,想要安装一个软件,只知道它和某方面有关,但又不能确切知道它的名字。这时yum的查询功能就起作用了。你可以用 yum search keyword这样的命令来进行搜索,比如我们要则安装一个Instant Messenger,但又不知到底有哪些,这时不妨用 yum search messenger这样的指令进行搜索,yum会搜索所有可用rpm的描述,列出所有描述中和messeger有关的rpm包,于是我们可能得到gaim,kopete等等,并从中选择。
有时我们还会碰到安装了一个包,但又不知道其用途,我们可以用yum info packagename这个指令来获取信息。

1.命令:yum search <keyword>  -- 使用YUM查找软件包
2.命令:yum list  -- 列出所有可安装的软件包
3.命令:yum list updates  -- 列出所有可更新的软件包
4.命令:yum list installed  -- 列出所有已安装的软件包
5.命令:yum list extras  -- 列出所有已安装但不在 Yum Repository 內的软件包
6.命令:yum list <package_name>  -- 列出所指定的软件包
7.命令:yum info <package_name>  -- 使用YUM获取软件包信息
8.命令:yum info  -- 列出所有软件包的信息
9.命令:yum info updates  -- 列出所有可更新的软件包信息
10.命令:yum info installed  -- 列出所有已安裝的软件包信息
11.命令:yum info extras  -- 列出所有已安裝但不在 Yum Repository 內的软件包信息
12.命令:yum provides <package_name>  -- 列出软件包提供哪些文件


清除 缓存
yum 会把下载的软件包和header存储在cache中,而不会自动删除。如果我们觉得它们占用了磁盘空间,可以使用yum clean指令进行清除,更精确的用法是yum clean headers清除header,yum clean packages清除下载的rpm包,yum clean all一股脑儿端

1.命令:yum clean packages  -- 清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下的软件包
2.命令:yum clean headers  -- 清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下的 headers
3.命令:yum clean oldheaders  -- 清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下旧的 headers
4.命令:yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders)  -- 清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下的软件包及旧的headers

的帮助信息:

[mchu@host ~]# yum 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror 
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration 
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration 
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration 
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration 
Repository contrib is listed more than once in the configuration 
You need to give some command 
usage: yum [options] COMMAND 

List of Commands: 

check-update   Check for available package updates 
clean          Remove cached data 
deplist        List a package's dependencies 
downgrade      downgrade a package 
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system 
groupinfo      Display details about a package group 
groupinstall   Install the packages in a group on your system 
grouplist      List available package groups 
groupremove    Remove the packages in a group from your system 
help           Display a helpful usage message 
info           Display details about a package or group of packages 
install        Install a package or packages on your system 
list           List a package or groups of packages 
localinstall   Install a local RPM 
makecache      Generate the metadata cache 
provides       Find what package provides the given value 
reinstall      reinstall a package 
repolist       Display the configured software repositories 
resolvedep     Determine which package provides the given dependency 
search         Search package details for the given string 
shell          Run an interactive yum shell 
update         Update a package or packages on your system 
upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account 


options: 
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit 
  -t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors 
  -C                    run entirely from cache, don't update cache 
  -c  [config file]     config file location 
  -R  [minutes]         maximum command wait time 
  -d  [debug level]     debugging output level 
  --showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands 
  -e  [error level]     error output level 
  -q, --quiet           quiet operation 
  -v, --verbose         verbose operation 
  -y                    answer yes for all questions 
  --version             show Yum version and exit 
  --installroot=[path]  set install root 
  --enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed) 
  --disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed) 
  -x [package], --exclude=[package] 
                        exclude package(s) by name or glob 
  --disableexcludes=[repo] 
                        disable exclude from main, for a repo or for 
                        everything 
  --obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates 
  --noplugins           disable Yum plugins 
  --nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking 
  --disableplugin=[plugin] 
                        disable plugins by name 
  --enableplugin=[plugin] 
                        enable plugins by name 
  --skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems 
  --color=COLOR         control whether color is used 

  Plugin Options: 
[mchu@host ~]# 
Monday, August 05, 2013 | Networking

文章评论

No comments posted yet.

发表评论

Please add 7 and 8 and type the answer here: